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It goes without saying that hypertension or high blood pressure is life threatening. Generally, an elderly person has a compression pressure of 140 and a dilation pressure of 90 mm. Care should be taken about blood pressure only when mercury is above. However, if the dilation pressure is 90 in a young person, a doctor should be consulted. It is seen that many people do not take care of high blood pressure, do not listen to the doctor’s advice; A disastrous future awaits these people. Death can knock at the door at any time.
Why is this high blood pressure?
Although the exact cause of high blood pressure is unknown in 90 percent of cases, certain events and conditions cause high blood pressure. For example-
Lifestyle: Some people may develop high blood pressure due to constant depression and stress.
Heredity: Heredity plays a major role in high blood pressure. But if one member of the family is affected by high blood pressure, it cannot be said that other members will also be affected.
Excess sodium and fat: High blood pressure can occur if the diet contains excess sodium (from salt) and fat, or if the body does not have the ability to regulate sodium.
Kidney problems: Generally, when the kidneys are affected, the level of secretion of the hormone called renin in the blood increases and the blood pressure increases.
Excess minerals: Secondary minerals such as cadmium nitrate in food or drink can increase blood pressure.
Gender: Men are generally more prone to hypertension than women. Black men are twice as likely to suffer from high blood pressure as whites. However, women, especially when pregnant or taking birth control pills, can suffer from high blood pressure.
Body composition: Short, obese especially those who are overweight also have a higher risk of suffering from high blood pressure.
Possible symptoms of high blood pressure:-
* Dizziness
* Shortness of breath
* Headache
* Nausea
* Sometimes nosebleeds for no apparent reason
* Gradual loss of vision
What treatment should be taken?
The main treatment for high blood pressure is to follow the doctor’s instructions for life. Even if you feel healthy, treatment cannot be omitted. And if there is any side effect of the medicine, it should be reported to the doctor. No medication can be discontinued.
You should take the following measures to reduce high blood pressure-
* Weight loss: The main enemy of high blood pressure is weight gain. If you can lose weight, the stress on your heart will be reduced and you will feel healthier.
* Eliminate harmful foods: To reduce high blood pressure, you should eliminate excess sodium salt, fatty meats and cholesterol from your diet.
* Relax: De-stress and relax. Ensure good sleep.
* Exercise: Never too much. Stop exercising before you get tired.
* Take medicine regularly: Never stop medicine. Take the medicine regularly as prescribed by the doctor.
What you should do as a patient with high blood pressure-
If you have high blood pressure, get it under control by your doctor first, and follow the tips below:
* Always follow doctor’s advice. This will save you from complications.
* Take medicine on time every day. Do not stop taking medicine because there are no symptoms of high blood pressure.
* Get regular health checkups. Tell your doctor if you feel any side effects or symptoms.
* Do not smoke at all. Remember that smoking increases the risk of high blood pressure and heart attack.
* Keep blood pressure monitor and stethoscope with you. Remember that the only way to prevent high blood pressure is to check your blood pressure regularly and take action accordingly.
What can be the damage if high blood pressure is not treated?
* Heart attack
* Arteriosclerosis (scarring and hardening of the outer walls of blood vessels)
* Atherosclerosis (obstructed blood flow by accumulation of fat and other substances on the inner walls of blood vessels.
* Excessive pressure on the heart
* Having a stroke or paralysis, causing permanent brain damage
* Constant pressure on the blood vessels of the eye causing inflammation and blindness
* Poisoning occurs in the body because the kidneys cannot effectively remove waste from the body.
Resolving Controversies About High Blood Pressure:-
* Once you have high blood pressure, it may not be cured forever. However, it can be controlled and the risk of complications can be reduced.
* It is true that blood pressure can increase with age.
*People worry about hypertension only when they are a little older. What is blood pressure increasing? What should be done? These are various topics. Many people have a misconception about this.
What are the main causes of hypertension or high blood pressure?
It is said that there are two types of hypertension. Primary and Secondary. 90 percent of hypertension suffer from primary or essential hypertension which is hereditary or familial. The remaining percent suffer from secondary hypertension—hypertension that occurs as a result of some disease, such as Cushing’s syndrome or chronic kidney disease, or as a side effect of certain medications.
People suffering from primary hypertension must understand that their condition can be controlled but not cured. Secondary hypertension requires testing to find the cause, and most cases resolve with treatment.
Relationship between hypertension and heart disease:-
Patients with uncontrolled hypertension have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease than others. This is because long-term hypertension damages and reverses the various arteries, including those that supply blood to the heart. When plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries and narrows them, the heart has to work harder to ensure blood flows through these narrowed arteries and reaches different parts of the body. This means that the blood has to exert more pressure than normal, resulting in an increase in blood pressure. It is commonly known that when high blood pressure is coupled with high cholesterol, the risk of heart disease increases.
Over the years, hypertension gradually damages the blood vessels (especially the small to medium-sized blood vessels in various parts of the body). So uncontrolled and prolonged high blood pressure can damage the eyes, brain, heart and kidneys. Long-term hypertension leads to heart failure. Undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension can also attack the blood vessels in the legs and cause pain in the leg muscles when walking.
Control of hypertension and side effects:-
Commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs to control hypertension are beta blockers, diuretic calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors and vasodilators. Some other drugs are used in clinical practice. Beta blockers such as propranol, metoprolol, and atenanol can sometimes cause sedation, fatigue, chills, and sometimes mental confusion. They cause deterioration of bronchial asthma. Reduces heart rate, and even increases the risk of heart failure. Rare side effects include impotence. Diuretics such as thiazides and frusemide can cause weakness and dehydration, worsen diabetes and aggravate arthritis.
Calcium antagonists such as nifedipine and diltiazem cause flushing of the face, palpitations, constipation, etc. and decrease heart rate. First doses of ACE inhibitor drugs such as captopril and enalapril sometimes cause a sudden drop in blood pressure and cause some problems. These problems include lightheadedness or dizziness, feeling faint, etc. ACE inhibitors can worsen kidney function and reduce the number of white blood cells in the blood. Some patients experience other side effects such as dryness of the phlegm.
Are there any other misconceptions about hypertension that are seen in patients?
Yes, many such strange things are heard from patients. They must break this misconception. For example when you measure your blood pressure it is not accurate because it is not possible for you to apply the correct method of blood pressure measurement. Accurate measurements require precise positioning of the arm and wrist and careful listening through the stethoscope and require some maturity. But if one arm is immobile, it becomes difficult to take one’s own blood pressure. It is necessary to correct the instrument from time to time to get accurate measurements. This is especially true of electronic instruments. So you can never get accurate results from your own blood pressure test.
Source:- Dr. Mizanur Rahman Kallol, Surgeon, Dhaka National Medical College Hospital.
(Irfan Amin Patwary, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh)
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